The 6 types of disability and their characteristics
Each and every one of us is unique, possessing different characteristics and living a life different from that of everyone else. However, most of us have a set of common skills and abilities that are generally assumed in most people. And in some cases and due to different circumstances, some people lose or have not developed the same skills as the majority of the population.
These people may suffer from various difficulties in different aspects of their lives, being able to suffer different types of disability depending on the type of problems or the abilities or organs that present some alteration. And it's about these different types of disabilities that we're going to talk about in this article.
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What is disability?
We understand disability as any situation in which a subject sees limited participation in some kind of scope or action , due to the existence of some type of deficiency in some organ or intellectual capacity. It is in itself the existence of a limitation, not being cause but consequence.
The existence of a disability thus implies a difficulty or obstacle to the participation of the subject in society or in some aspect or vital domain in comparison with the possibilities presented by those persons without the deficiency in question or even the subject itself at an earlier time. his life.
Of course, disability does not imply that the subject who has it can not reach and perform the same activities as long as they have help adapted to their needs.
The different types of disability
As we have indicated previously, there is not only one type of disability but We can find different classifications depending on the type of problem in which difficulties arise. Thus, we can establish different types of disabilities, with the first three being considered the most.
1. Physical disability
It receives the name of physical or motor disability to all that type of limitation generated by the presence of a Problematic linked to a decrease or elimination of physical or motor abilities , such as the physical loss of a limb or its usual functionality.
This type of disability arises in the context of spinal problems, traffic accidents, traumatic brain injury, medical illness that generates physical limitation, amputations, congenital malformations or cerebrovascular accidents.
2. Sensory disability
Sensory disability refers to the existence of limitations derived from the existence of deficiencies in some of the senses that allow us to perceive the medium, be it external or internal . There are alterations in all the senses, although the best known are visual and auditory disabilities.
3. Intellectual disability
Intellectual disability is defined as any limitation of intellectual functioning that hinders social participation or the development of autonomy or areas such as academic or work, having an IQ less than 70 and influencing different cognitive skills and social participation . There are different degrees of intellectual disability , which have different implications at the level of the type of difficulties they may present.
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4. Psychic disability
We talk about mental disability when we are facing a situation in which they present themselves alterations of behavioral type and adaptive behavior , usually derived from the suffering of some type of mental disorder.
5. Visceral disability
This little known type of disability appears in those people who suffer from some type of deficiency in one of their organs, which generates limitations in the life and participation in the subject's community. It is the case of those that can generate diabetes or heart problems .
6. Multiple disability
This type of disability is the one that derives from a combination of limitations derived from some of the previous deficiencies. For example, a blind subject with intellectual disability, or a paraplegic subject with deafness.
